Greenland

Introduction

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Background:

The world's largest island, about 84% ice-capped, Greenland was granted self-government in 1978 by the Danish parliament. The law went into effect the following year. Denmark continues to exercise control of Greenland's foreign affairs.

Greenland

Geography

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Location:

Northern North America, island between the Arctic Ocean and the North Atlantic Ocean, northeast of Canada

Geographic coordinates:

72 00 N, 40 00 W

Map references:

Arctic Region

Area:

total:  2,175,600 sq km land:  2,175,600 sq km (341,700 sq km ice-free, 1,833,900 sq km ice-covered) (est.)

Area - comparative:

slightly more than three times the size of Texas

Land boundaries:

0 km

Coastline:

44,087 km

Maritime claims:

continental shelf:  200 NM or agreed boundaries or median line exclusive fishing zone:  200 NM or agreed boundaries or median line territorial sea:  3 NM

Climate:

arctic to subarctic; cool summers, cold winters

Terrain:

flat to gradually sloping icecap covers all but a narrow, mountainous, barren, rocky coast

Elevation extremes:

lowest point:  Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point:  Gunnbjorn 3,700 m

Natural resources:

zinc, lead, iron ore, coal, molybdenum, gold, platinum, uranium, fish, seals, whales, hydropower, possible oil and gas

Land use:

arable land:  0% permanent crops:  0% permanent pastures:  1% forests and woodland:  0% other:  99% (1998 est.)

Irrigated land:

NA sq km

Natural hazards:

continuous permafrost over northern two-thirds of the island

Environment - current issues:

protection of the arctic environment; preservation of the Inuit traditional way of life, including whaling and seal hunting

Geography - note:

dominates North Atlantic Ocean between North America and Europe; sparse population confined to small settlements along coast, but close to one-quarter of the population lives in the capital, Nuuk; world's second largest ice cap

Greenland

People

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Population:

56,352 (July 2001 est.)

Age structure:

0-14 years:  26.69% (male 7,649; female 7,392) 15-64 years:  67.87% (male 20,868; female 17,376) 65 years and over:  5.44% (male 1,385; female 1,682) (2001 est.)

Population growth rate:

0.06% (2001 est.)

Birth rate:

16.52 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Death rate:

7.58 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Net migration rate:

-8.38 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Sex ratio:

at birth:  1.02 male(s)/female under 15 years:  1.03 male(s)/female 15-64 years:  1.2 male(s)/female 65 years and over:  0.82 male(s)/female total population:  1.13 male(s)/female (2001 est.)

Infant mortality rate:

17.77 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)

Life expectancy at birth:

total population:  68.37 years male:  64.82 years female:  72.01 years (2001 est.)

Total fertility rate:

2.44 children born/woman (2001 est.)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:

NA%

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:

100 (1999)

HIV/AIDS - deaths:

NA

Nationality:

noun:  Greenlander(s) adjective:  Greenlandic

Ethnic groups:

Greenlander 88% (Inuit and Greenland-born whites), Danish and others 12% (January 2000)

Religions:

Evangelical Lutheran

Languages:

Greenlandic (East Inuit), Danish, English

Literacy:

definition:  NA total population:  NA% male:  NA% female:  NA% note:  similar to Denmark proper

Greenland

Government

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Country name:

conventional long form:  none conventional short form:  Greenland local long form:  none local short form:  Kalaallit Nunaat

Dependency status:

part of the Kingdom of Denmark; self-governing overseas administrative division of Denmark since 1979

Government type:

parliamentary democracy within a constitutional monarchy

Capital:

Nuuk (Godthab)

Administrative divisions:

3 districts (landsdele); Avannaa (Nordgronland), Tunu (Ostgronland), Kitaa (Vestgronland) note:  there are 18 municipalities in Greenland

Independence:

none (part of the Kingdom of Denmark; self-governing overseas administrative division of Denmark since 1979) note:  foreign affairs is the responsibility of Denmark, but Greenland actively participates in international agreements relating to Greenland

National holiday:

June 21 (longest day)

Constitution:

5 June 1953 (Danish constitution)

Legal system:

Danish

Suffrage:

18 years of age; universal

Executive branch:

chief of state:  Queen MARGRETHE II of Denmark (since 14 January 1972), represented by High Commissioner Gunnar MARTENS (since NA 1995) head of government:  Prime Minister Jonathan MOTZFELDT (since 19 September 1997) cabinet:  Home Rule Government is elected by the Parliament (Landstinget) on the basis of the strength of parties elections:  the monarch is hereditary; high commissioner appointed by the monarch; prime minister is elected by Parliament (usually the leader of the majority party); election last held 16 February 1999 (next to be held NA February 2003) election results:  Jonathan MOTZFELDT reelected prime minister following the 16 February 1999 elections; percent of parliamentary vote - 57.3% note:  government coalition - Siumut and Inuit Ataqatigiit (IA)

Legislative branch:

unicameral Parliament or Landstinget (31 seats; members are elected by popular vote on the basis of proportional representation to serve four-year terms) elections:  last held on 16 February 1999 (next to be held by NA February 2003) election results:  percent of vote by party - Siumut 35.2%, Inuit Ataqatigiit 22.1%, Atassut Party 25.2%, Candidate's League 12.3%, independent 5.2%; seats by party - Siumut 11, Atassut 8, Inuit Ataqatigiit 7, Candidate List 4, independent 1 note:  two representatives were elected to the Danish Parliament or Folketing on 11 March 1998 (next to be held by not later than March 2002); percent of vote by party - Siumut 35.6%, Atassut 35.2%; seats by party - Siumut 1, Atassut 1; Greenlandic representatives are affiliated with Danish political parties (Siamut with Social Democratic Party and Atassut with Liberal Party)

Judicial branch:

High Court or Landsret (appeals can be made to the Ostre Landsret or Eastern Division of the High Court or Supreme Court in Copenhagen)

Political parties and leaders:

Akulliit Party [Bjarne KREUTZMANN]; Atassut Party (Solidarity, a conservative party favoring continuing close relations with Denmark) [Daniel SKIFTE]; Inuit Ataqatigiit or IA (Eskimo Brotherhood, a leftist party favoring complete independence from Denmark rather than home rule) [Josef MOTZFELDT]; Issituup (Polar Party) [Nicolai HEINRICH]; Kattusseqatigiit (Candidate List, an independent right-of-center party with no official platform [leader NA]; Siumut (Forward Party, a social democratic party advocating more distinct Greenlandic identity and greater autonomy from Denmark) [Jonathan MOTZFELDT]

Political pressure groups and leaders:

NA

International organization participation:

ICC, NC, NIB

Diplomatic representation in the US:

none (self-governing overseas administrative division of Denmark)

Diplomatic representation from the US:

none (self-governing overseas administrative division of Denmark)

Flag description:

two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and red with a large disk slightly to the hoist side of center - the top half of the disk is red, the bottom half is white

Greenland

Economy

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Economy - overview:

The economy remains critically dependent on exports of fish and substantial support from the Danish Government, which supplies about half of government revenues. The public sector, including publicly owned enterprises and the municipalities, plays the dominant role in the economy. Despite several interesting hydrocarbon and minerals exploration activities, it will take several years before production can materialize. Tourism is the only sector offering any near-term potential, and even this is limited due to a short season and high costs.

GDP:	purchasing power parity - $1.1 billion (2000 est.)

GDP - real growth rate:

NA%

GDP - per capita:

purchasing power parity - $20,000 (2000 est.)

GDP - composition by sector:

agriculture:  NA% industry:  NA% services:  NA%

Population below poverty line:

NA%

Household income or consumption by percentage share:

lowest 10%:  NA% highest 10%:  NA%

Inflation rate (consumer prices):

1.6% (1999 est.)

Labor force:

24,500 (1999 est.)

Unemployment rate:

7% (1999 est.)

Budget:

revenues:  $646 million expenditures:  $629 million, including capital expenditures of $85 million (1999)

Industries:

fish processing (mainly shrimp and Greenland halibut), handicrafts, furs, small shipyards

Industrial production growth rate:

NA%

Electricity - production:

250 million kWh (1999)

Electricity - production by source:

fossil fuel:  41% hydro:  59% nuclear:  0% other:  0% note:  Greenland is shifting its electricity production from fossil fuel to hydroelectric power production (1999)

Electricity - consumption:

232.5 million kWh (1999)

Electricity - exports:

0 kWh (1999)

Electricity - imports:

0 kWh (1999)

Agriculture - products:

forage crops, garden and greenhouse vegetables; sheep, reindeer; fish

Exports:

$276 million (f.o.b., 1999)

Exports - commodities:

fish and fish products 94%

Exports - partners:

EU (mainly Denmark) 85%, Japan 8%, US 2% (1999)

Imports:

$400 million (c.i.f., 1999)

Imports - commodities:

machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, food, petroleum products

Imports - partners:

EU (mostly Denmark), Norway, US, Canada

Debt - external:

$25 million (1999)

Economic aid - recipient:

$380 million subsidy from Denmark (1999)

Currency:

Danish krone (DKK)

Currency code:

DKK

Exchange rates:

Danish kroner per US dollar - 7.951 (January 2001), 8.083 (2000), 6.976 (1999), 6.701 (1998), 6.604 (1997), 5.799 (1996)

Fiscal year:

calendar year

Greenland

Communications

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Telephones - main lines in use:

25,617 (end 1999)

Telephones - mobile cellular:

12,676 (end 1999)

Telephone system:

general assessment:  adequate domestic and international service provided by satellite, cables and microwave radio relay; totally digitalized in 1995 domestic:  microwave radio relay and satellite international:  satellite earth stations - 12 Intelsat, 1 Eutelsat, 2 Americom GE-2 (all Atlantic Ocean)

Radio broadcast stations:

AM 5, FM 12, shortwave 0 (1998)

Radios:

30,000 (1998 est.)

Television broadcast stations:

1 publicly-owned station, some local low-power stations, and three AFRTS (US Air Force) stations (1997)

Televisions:

30,000 (1998 est.)

Internet country code:

.gl

Internet Service Providers (ISPs):

1 (2000)

Internet users:

4,008 (1999)

Greenland

Transportation

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Railways:

0 km

Highways:

total:  150 km paved:  60 km unpaved:  90 km

Waterways:

none

Ports and harbors:

Aasiaat (Egedesminde), Ilulissat (Jakobshavn), Kangerlussuaq, Nanortalik, Narsarsuaq, Nuuk (Godthab), Qaqortoq (Julianehab), Sisimiut (Holsteinsborg), Tasiilaq (March 2001)

Merchant marine:

total:  2 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 3,289 GRT/1,500 DWT ships by type:  cargo 1, passenger 1 (2000 est.)

Airports:

13 (2000 est.)

Airports - with paved runways:

total:  8 over 3,047 m:  1 2,438 to 3,047 m:  1 1,524 to 2,437 m:  1 914 to 1,523 m:  1 under 914 m:  4 (2000 est.)

Airports - with unpaved runways:

total:  5 1,524 to 2,437 m:  1 914 to 1,523 m:  3 under 914 m:  1 (2000 est.)

Greenland

Military

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Military - note:

defense is the responsibility of Denmark

Greenland

Transnational Issues

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Disputes - international:

none