Revisiting Nymph : Exploring Essential Information, Data and Explanation.

For the use of the term "nymph" in biology, see nymph (biology).

Hylas and the Nymphs by John William Waterhouse

In Greek mythology, a nymph is any member of a large class of female nature spirits, sometimes bound to a particular location or landform. Nymphs often accompanied various gods and goddesses, and were the frequent target of lusty satyrs.

They are personifications of the creative and fostering activities of nature. The Greek word νύμφη has "bride" and "veiled" among its meanings: hence, a married woman, and, in general, one of marriageable age. Others refer the word (and also Latin nubere and German Knospe) to a root expressing the idea of "swelling" (according to Hesychius, one of the meanings of νύμφη is "rose-bud"). The home of the nymphs is on mountains and in groves, by springs and rivers, in valleys and cool grottoes. They are frequently associated with the superior divinities, the huntress Artemis, the prophetic Apollo, the reveller and god of trees Dionysus, and with rustic gods such as Pan and Hermes (as the god of shepherds).

[edit]

Nymph classifications

The different species of nymph were distinguished according to the different spheres of nature with which they were connected.

Land Nymphs
- Alseids (glens, groves)
- Auloniads (pastures)
- Dryads (forests)
  - Hamadryads (trees)
    - Meliae (manna-ash trees)
- Ieimakids (meadows)
- Oreads (mountains, grottoes)
- Napaeae (mountain valleys, glens)
Water Nymphs
- Oceanids (daughters of Oceanus, any water, usually salty)
- Nereids (daughters of Nereus, the Mediterranean Sea)
- Naiads (usually fresh water)
  - Crinaeae (fountains)
  - Limnades or Limnatides (lakes)
  - Pegaeae (springs)
  - Potameides (rivers)
  - Eleionomae (marshes)
Other
- "Corycian Nymphs" (Classical Muses)

[edit]

Foreign adaptations

The Greek nymphs, after the introduction of their cult into Latium, gradually absorbed into their ranks the indigenous Italian divinities of springs and streams (Juturna, Egeria, Cavmentis, Fons), while the Lymphae (originally Lumpae), Italian water-goddesses, owing to the accidental similarity of name, were identified with the Greek Nymphae. Among the Romans their sphere of influence was restricted, and they appear almost exclusively as divinities of the watery element.

The above article is adapted from from Wikipedia All Wikipedia article text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License

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Questions to Ponder: (14) What would result from applying stochastic modeling to chain from Nymph to Electrical_conductivity through Pharmacy? In Geometry and Experience, Albert Einstein says "So far as the laws of mathematics refer to reality, they are not certain. And so far as they are certain, they do not refer to reality." Can the same be said of Nymph or Epictetus? When WAS Nymph considered for the first time? Was it after History_of_philosophy or Literature? Is it a success? Was there any marketing? Is there a political dimension to Nymph? Does Nymph have anything in common with Soren_Kierkegaard, Condensed_matter_physics, or Z-transform? Would anyone care? Is there a Nymph conspiracy? Will Nymph issues influence the Presidential Elections? Should they? Is Nymph to Pre-Socratic_philosophy as Jurisprudence is to Lobe? Would this question come up in a job interview?

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1:  Luz C, Rocha LF, Silva IG. 
 Pathogenicity of Evlachovaea sp (Hyphomycetes), a new species isolated from
Triatoma sordida, in Chagas' disease vectors.
Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2004 Mar-Apr;37(2):189-91. Epub 2004 Apr 13. 
PMID: 15094910 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

2:  Warrington S, Mansfield TA, Whittaker JB. 
 Effect of SO2 on the reproduction of pea aphids, Acyrthosiphon pisum, and the
impact of SO2 and aphids on the growth and yield of peas.
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3:  Rekha RY, Sreekumar S. 
 Morphology of the integumentary structures in the nymph of lace bug,
Stephanitis typica (Hemiptera: Tingidae).
J Electron Microsc (Tokyo). 2004;53(1):57-61. 
PMID: 15077900 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

4:  Lane RS, Steinlein DB, Mun J. 
 Human behaviors elevating exposure to Ixodes pacificus (Acari: Ixodidae) nymphs
and their associated bacterial zoonotic agents in a hardwood forest.
J Med Entomol. 2004 Mar;41(2):239-48. 
PMID: 15061284 [PubMed - in process]

5:  Chocorosqui VR, Panizzi AR. 
 Photoperiod influence on the biology and phenological characteristics of
Dichelops melacanthus (Dallas, 1851) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae).
Braz J Biol. 2003 Nov;63(4):655-64. Epub 2004 Mar 15. 
PMID: 15029376 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

6:  Guglielmone AA, Venzal JM, Amico G, Mangold AJ, Keirans JE. 
 Description of the nymph and larva and redescription of the female of Ixodes
neuquenensis Ringuelet, 1947 (Acari: Ixodidae), a parasite of the endangered
Neotropical marsupial Dromiciops gliroides Thomas (Microbiotheria:
Microbiotheriidae).
Syst Parasitol. 2004 Mar;57(3):211-9. 
PMID: 15010595 [PubMed - in process]

7:  Eisen L, Eisen RJ, Chang CC, Mun J, Lane RS. 
 Acarologic risk of exposure to Borrelia burgdorferi spirochaetes: long-term
evaluations in north-western California, with implications for Lyme borreliosis
risk-assessment models.
Med Vet Entomol. 2004 Mar;18(1):38-49. 
PMID: 15009444 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

8:  Kampen H, Rotzel DC, Kurtenbach K, Maier WA, Seitz HM. 
 Substantial rise in the prevalence of Lyme borreliosis spirochetes in a region
of western Germany over a 10-year period.
Appl Environ Microbiol. 2004 Mar;70(3):1576-82. 
PMID: 15006781 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

9:  Musser FR, Nyrop JP, Shelton AM. 
 Survey of predators and sampling method comparison in sweet corn.
J Econ Entomol. 2004 Feb;97(1):136-44. 
PMID: 14998137 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

10:  Hirasawa R, Urabe M, Yuma M. 
 Relationship between intermediate host taxon and infection by nematodes of the
genus Rhabdochona.
Parasitol Int. 2004 Mar;53(1):89-97. 
PMID: 14984839 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

11:  Gosselin A, Hare L. 
 Effect of sedimentary cadmium on the behavior of a burrowing mayfly
(Ephemeroptera, Hexagenia limbata).
Environ Toxicol Chem. 2004 Feb;23(2):383-7. 
PMID: 14982385 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

12:  Wu JC, Qiu HM, Yang GQ, Dong B, Gu H. 
 Nutrient uptake of rice roots in response to infestation of Nilaparvata lugens
(Stal) (Homoptera: Delphacidae).
J Econ Entomol. 2003 Dec;96(6):1798-804. 
PMID: 14977118 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

13:  Belozerov VN, Van Niekerk DJ, Butler HJ. 
 Population structure of Argas arboreus (Acari: Argasidae) ticks associated with
seasonally abandoned mixed heronries, dominated by cattle egrets (Bubulcus
ibis), in South Africa.
Onderstepoort J Vet Res. 2003 Dec;70(4):325-30. 
PMID: 14971735 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

14:  Hirasawa R, Yuma M. 
 Ephemera strigata imagoes are the likely source of a parasitic nematode
infection of fish.
Folia Parasitol (Praha). 2003 Dec;50(4):313-4. No abstract available. 
PMID: 14971601 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

15:  Apanaskevich DA. 
 [Differentiation of subspecies of the polymorphic species Hyalomma marginatum
(Acari: Ixodidae) based on immature stages]
Parazitologiia. 2003 Nov-Dec;37(6):462-72. Russian. 
PMID: 14964846 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

16:  Cambier V, Hance T, De Hoffmann E. 
 Effects of 1,4-benzoxazin-3-one derivatives from maize on survival and
fecundity of Metopolophium dirhodum (Walker) on artificial diet.
J Chem Ecol. 2001 Feb;27(2):359-70. 
PMID: 14768820 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

17:  Jensen PM, Kaufmann U. 
 Seasonal and diel activity of Ixodes ricinus (Acari: Ixodidae) subpopulations
in Denmark. Aspects of size, physiological age, and malate dehydrogenase
genotype in a forest site without any undergrowth.
Exp Appl Acarol. 2003;30(4):289-303. 
PMID: 14756394 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

18:  Percy DM. 
 Radiation, diversity, and host-plant interactions among island and continental
legume-feeding psyllids.
Evolution Int J Org Evolution. 2003 Nov;57(11):2540-56. 
PMID: 14686530 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

19:  Bacon RM, Gilmore RD Jr, Quintana M, Piesman J, Johnson BJ. 
 DNA evidence of Borrelia lonestari in Amblyomma americanum (Acari: Ixodidae) in
southeast Missouri.
J Med Entomol. 2003 Jul;40(4):590-2. 
PMID: 14680133 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

20:  Oliveira PR, Borges LM, Leite RC, Freitas CM. 
 Seasonal dynamics of the Cayenne tick, Amblyomma cajennense on horses in
Brazil.
Med Vet Entomol. 2003 Dec;17(4):412-6. 
PMID: 14651655 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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