Exploring Essential Information, Data and Explanation for Biochemistry.
BiochemistryBiochemistry is the study of the chemicals, chemical reactions and chemical interactions that take place in living organisms. Biochemistry is focused on the structure and function of cellular components, such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and other biomolecules. Recently biochemistry has focused more specifically on the chemistry of enzyme-mediated reactions, and on the properties of proteins. The biochemistry of cell metabolism has been extensively described. Other areas of biochemistry include the genetic code (DNA, RNA), protein synthesis, cell membrane transport, signal transduction and energy decomposition cycles. [edit]
Development of biochemistryThe dawn of biochemistry may have been the discovery of the first enzyme, diastase, in 1833 by Anselme Payen. In 1828, Friedrich Wöhler published a paper about the synthesis of urea, proving that organic compounds can be created artificially, in contrast to the common belief of the time that organic compounds can only be made by living organisms. Since then, biochemistry has advanced, especially since the mid-20th century, with the development of new techniques such as chromatography, X-ray diffraction, NMR, radioisotopic labelling, electron microscopy and molecular dynamics simulations. These techniques allowed for the discovery and detailed analysis of many molecules and metabolic pathways of the cell, such as glycolysis and the Krebs cycle. Today, the findings of biochemistry are used in many areas, from genetics to molecular biology and from agriculture to medicine. The first application of biochemistry was probably the making of bread using yeast, about 5000 years ago. [edit]
CategoriesBiochemistry is principally concerned with the chemistry of substances that can be classified into a few major categories: [edit]
See also
ViewsThe above article is adapted from from Wikipedia All Wikipedia article text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License Recent recommended readings: DARWINS BLACK BOX: THE BIOCHEMICAL CHALLENGE TO EVOLUTION by Michael J. Behe The Demon in the Freezer by Richard Preston Lippincott's Illustrated Reviews: Biochemistry by Pamela C. Champe Good Carbs, Bad Carbs: An Indispensable Guide to Eating the Right Carbs for Losing Weight and Optimum Health by Johanna Burani The Craving Brain : A bold new approach to breaking free from *drug addiction *overeating *alcoholism *gambling by Ronald A. Ruden Biochemistry (Chapters 1-34) by John L. Tymoczko Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual (3-Volume Set) by Joseph Sambrook Controlling Cholesterol for Dummies by Carol Ann Rinzler Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry, Third Edition by David L. Nelson C-Reactive Protein : Everthing You Need to Know About It and Why It's More Important Than Cholesterol to Your Health by Scott J. Deron Cosmic Serpent: DNA and the Origins of Knowledge by Jeremy Narby Name Reactions: A Collection of Detailed Reaction Mechanisms by Jie J. Li Biochemistry: Board Review Series by Dawn B. Marks Lab Ref: A Handbook of Recipes, Reagents, and Other Reference Tools for Use at the Bench by Jane Roskams Clinical Physiology of Acid-Base and Electrolyte Disorders by Burton David Rose Questions to Ponder: (13) Are there any philosophical underpinnings to Biochemistry. If Simplicius would be brought in as a coordinate consideration, would it lead to Sociology? What is the relevance of Biochemistry to Alfred_Ayer or Computational_chemistry? Is there symbolism or concrete reality? In Geometry and Experience, Albert Einstein says "So far as the laws of mathematics refer to reality, they are not certain. And so far as they are certain, they do not refer to reality." Can the same be said of Biochemistry or Georg_Wilhelm_Friedrich_Hegel? Did you know that Financial mathematics is a really interesting topic the adapted wiki finmath page has related details ... e.g. 'Financial mathematics is the branch of applied mathematics concerned with the financial markets. The subject .. has a close relationship with the discipline of financial economics, however the subject is narrower in scope and more abstract. Does the Biochemistry modulo History_of_philosophy play here at all? Is Biochemistry something you would find at the Restaurant at the End of the Universe? would Thomas_Nagel or Theoretical_chemistry be availble there too? Is there a Biochemistry conspiracy? Did Biochemistry or Xenocrates ever come to being associated with the Outer Limits? Inner Feelings? from PUBMED 1: Douglas-Stroebel E, Hoffman DJ, Brewer GL, Sileo L. Effects of lead-contaminated sediment and nutrition on mallard duckling brain growth and biochemistry. Environ Pollut. 2004 Sep;131(2):215-222. PMID: 15234088 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] 2: Bauss F, Schenk RK, Hort S, Muller-Beckmann B, Sponer G. New model for simulation of fracture repair in full-grown beagle dogs: Model characterization and results from a long-term study with ibandronate. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods. 2004 Jul-Aug;50(1):25-34. PMID: 15233964 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] 3: Fountoulakis M, Tsangaris G, Oh JE, Maris A, Lubec G. Protein profile of the HeLa cell line. J Chromatogr A. 2004 Jun 4;1038(1-2):247-65. PMID: 15233540 [PubMed - in process] 4: Bransden MP, Dunstan GA, Battaglene SC, Cobcroft JM, Morehead DT, Kolkovski S, Nichols PD. Influences of dietary n-3 long-chain PUFA on body concentrations of 20:5n-3, 22:5n-3, and 22:6n-3 in the larvae of a marine teleost fish from Australian waters, the striped trumpeter (Latris lineata). Lipids. 2004 Mar;39(3):215-22. PMID: 15233399 [PubMed - in process] 5: Cupisti A, D'alessandro C, Morelli E, Rizza GM, Galetta F, Franzoni F, Barsotti G. Nutritional status and dietary manipulation in predialysis chronic renal failure patients. J Ren Nutr. 2004 Jul;14(3):127-33. PMID: 15232790 [PubMed - in process] 6: Futerman AH, Van Meer G. The cell biology of lysosomal storage disorders. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2004 Jul;5(7):554-65. PMID: 15232573 [PubMed - in process] 7: Elson J, Jurkovic D. Biochemistry in diagnosis and management of abnormal early pregnancy. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 2004 Aug;16(4):339-44. PMID: 15232489 [PubMed - in process] 8: Tao Y, Fishman A, Bentley WE, Wood TK. Altering toluene 4-monooxygenase by active-site engineering for the synthesis of 3-methoxycatechol, methoxyhydroquinone, and methylhydroquinone. J Bacteriol. 2004 Jul;186(14):4705-13. PMID: 15231803 [PubMed - in process] 9: Carter C, Thornburg RW. Is the nectar redox cycle a floral defense against microbial attack? Trends Plant Sci. 2004 Jul;9(7):320-4. PMID: 15231276 [PubMed - in process] 10: Foldes-Papp Z, Egerer R, Birch-Hirschfeld E, Striebel HM, Demel U, Tilz GP, Wutzler P. Detection of multiple human herpes viruses by DNA microarray technology. Mol Diagn. 2004;8(1):1-9. PMID: 15230636 [PubMed - in process] 11: Peacey SR. Routine biochemistry in suspected vitamin D deficiency. J R Soc Med. 2004 Jul;97(7):322-5. PMID: 15229256 [PubMed - in process] 12: Bano S, Akhter S, Afridi MI. Gender based response to fluoxetine hydrochloride medication in endogenous depression. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 2004 Mar;14(3):161-5. PMID: 15228850 [PubMed - in process] 13: White JG. Electron microscopy methods for studying platelet structure and function. Methods Mol Biol. 2004;272:47-64. PMID: 15226533 [PubMed - in process] 14: Sergeev IN. Calcium as a mediator of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3)-induced apoptosis. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2004 May;89-90:419-25. PMID: 15225813 [PubMed - in process] 15: Dardenne O, Prud'homme J, Glorieux FH, St-Arnaud R. Rescue of the phenotype of CYP27B1 (1alpha-hydroxylase)-deficient mice. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2004 May;89-90:327-30. PMID: 15225794 [PubMed - in process] 16: Rustad P, Simonsson P, Felding P, Pedersen M. Nordic Reference Interval Project Bio-bank and Database (NOBIDA): a source for future estimation and retrospective evaluation of reference intervals. Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 2004;64(4):431-438. PMID: 15223705 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] 17: Rustad P, Felding P, Franzson L, Kairisto V, Lahti A, Martensson A, Petersen H, Simonsson P, Steensland H, Uldall A. The Nordic Reference Interval Project 2000: recommended reference intervals for 25 common biochemical properties. Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 2004;64(4):271-284. PMID: 15223694 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] 18: Henzler-Wildman KA, Martinez GV, Brown MF, Ramamoorthy A. Perturbation of the Hydrophobic Core of Lipid Bilayers by the Human Antimicrobial Peptide LL-37. Biochemistry. 2004 Jul 6;43(26):8459-69. PMID: 15222757 [PubMed - in process] 19: Vallee-Belisle A, Turcotte JF, Michnick SW. raf RBD and Ubiquitin Proteins Share Similar Folds, Folding Rates and Mechanisms Despite Having Unrelated Amino Acid Sequences. Biochemistry. 2004 Jul 6;43(26):8447-58. PMID: 15222756 [PubMed - in process] 20: Pantelidou M, Chitnis PR, Breton J. FTIR Spectroscopy of Synechocystis 6803 Mutants Affected on the Hydrogen Bonds to the Carbonyl Groups of the PsaA Chlorophyll of P700 Supports an Extensive Delocalization of the Charge in P700(+). Biochemistry. 2004 Jul 6;43(26):8380-90. 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